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Noor Naser Eddin, Patricia Peralta Abadia, Heba Al-Nasser, Carlos Federico Chillón Geck

• Smart cities utilize Internet of Things (IoT) technologies to advance sustainable urban environments and to manage natural resources, including water sources for human use. Smart city applications for water quality (WQ) monitoring deploy wireless sensor systems for on-site WQ monitoring and real-time data processing to detect detrimental changes in water parameters. However, direct environmental impacts of wireless sensor systems are usually overlooked when considering the benefits of deploying IoT-based solutions for WQ monitoring. Sensor nodes in wireless sensor systems are often exposed to unfavorable environments that damage the sensor nodes, requiring frequent replacements and generating electronic waste (ewaste). In this paper, a sustainable wireless sensor system (WSS) for WQ monitoring is developed to mitigate the direct environmental impacts of wireless sensor systems deployed in WQ monitoring for smart cities. The sustainable WSS includes a cloud server and wireless sensor nodes comprised of reusable microcontrollers and e-waste sensors. WQ indices based on German standards are calculated on site owed to embedded computing capabilities present in the sensor nodes. The sustainable WSS is compared against a benchmark system for validation, using drinking water probes from different locations of a metropolitan city.